Popular Science / 8000 Years Ago Had 189 Granaries How Did Ancients Store Food? -3 EDIT by:www.immy.cn www.immyhitech.com

Popular Science / 8000 Years Ago Had 189 Granaries 

How Did Ancients Store Food? -3

EDIT by： www.immy.cn  www.immyhitech.com 

Both sides of the canal are mostly fertile fields and towns, and the water needs to be guaranteed for water transportation, which will affect irrigation water and people's water use. In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Xining of the Song Dynasty (1073), the capital water supervisor Cheng Hou Shuxian requested to lead the water to silt the idle fields, and Wang Anshi strongly implemented it. After several releases, the Bianhe River is almost out of flow, and it is difficult for heavy boats to drive and it is easy to run aground.

05 In winter, the ice blocked the transportation, which reduced the transportation volume

During the Song Dynasty, it was stipulated that the mouth of the Yellow River should be closed every winter and October to prevent the Yellow River from entering and affecting the transportation of the Bianhe River.

These problems make the government since the Qin and Han dynasties in order to ensure the transportation of water, put a lot of manpower and material resources into the river dug and governance, the situation of the smooth canal is not common in the history books, and the amount of grain transportation is also unstable, with large fluctuations. During the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shandong Caoyun once reached 6 million stones a year, "in the middle of one year, Taicang and Ganquan were full". And when Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, under the improvement of Wei Jian, he only transported four million stones of Shandong Su. Due to the high cost of river management and the difficulty of Cao Yun, in the case of high cost and loss rate, Cao Yun in the Tang Dynasty will reach the level of "fighting rice and money", which also limits the number of WATER TRANSPORT OF GRAIN TO CAPITAL（CAOYUN) to a certain extent.

Revelation

As a storage system to maintain the survival of the country, it has been valued by successive rulers, but how to balance the relationship between storage and river transportation capacity, and reduce the cost of river management and transportation, is also an important issue for the government to consider.

"Historical Records and Pingzhun Book" records the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "The Su Chen Chen phase of Taicang is full of dew and accumulates outside, so that it is corrupt and inedible. ”

The Tang Dynasty Yuan Jie recorded: "In the Kaiyuan Heavenly Treasure, the cultivator is beneficial, and within the four seas, the mountains are overwhelming, and the ravines are also full." People's grain reserves are all years old. Taicang is accumulated, and the stale is incomparable. ”

These two cases have been regarded by many historians as the embodiment of the economic development of the prosperous era, but in ancient times, hoarding so much grain was a huge cost, and the cost of transportation was quite high, which was not reasonable.

"Old Tang Book: The Biography of Pei Yaoqing" records that during the Zhenguan and Yonghui periods, the grain transferred to Guanzhong was only 120,000 stones, and the cost increased later.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River migrated northward, the transportation channels were silted, and shipping and railways became the dominant modes of grain transportation, and the storage settings also changed. However, the four prefectures of Xu, Yang, Huai and Tong in Jiangbei still transfer more than 100,000 Shicao grain to Tongzhou through the canal every year, and the river transportation cost is amazing, and the time is as long as 35 years, because the Qing court does not value its practical value to the people's livelihood of the country, but tries to take the Jiangbei river transportation as the starting point, and use the Cao-related interest groups and the old-fashioned river transportation faction inside and outside the imperial court to check and balance the "Western" reform forces with the "Xianghuai Group" as the main body, so as to contain and curb the expansion of the power of the Xianghuai Group, and even change the "internal and external importance" of the late Qing Dynasty the political landscape; Interest groups with the governor of the river and the river as the core are also happy to use this to maintain their private interests from the river transport. After experiencing the depreciation of grain and the saving of redundant expenses and returning to the public during the Xianfeng period, the local governors of the late Qing Dynasty began to question the operation logic regardless of the cost, and paid more attention to the gains and losses of the mode of Cao affairs.

It can be seen from this that in ancient China, the relationship between warehousing and transportation costs was generally considered, and the cost of water transportation would not be treated regardless of the cost because of the importance of storage, resulting in huge waste, and even the suspension of water transportation would be suspended when the storage was relatively sufficient, so as to save people's resources; However, in ancient times, the phenomenon of reckless transportation continued to appear, destroying the ecological environment of the riverside areas and causing deeper problems.

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